Power transmission



March 30, 1954 R. H. EBswoRTH POWER TRANSMISSION 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 4, 1951 IN V EN TOR.

R. H. EBSWORTH POWER TRANSMISSION March 30, 1954 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 4, 1951 T9 INVENToR.

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March 30, 1954 R. H EBSWORTVH POWER TRANSMISSION 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Sept. 4, 1951 me* .WMM MMM .www mmm mov EM .Sm www mom IN V EN TOR.

www MN WMM mmm Patented Mar. 30, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE POWER TRANSMISSIDN Richard Henry Ebsworth, Laguna Beach, Calif.

Application September 4, 1951, SerialNo. 245,019

(Cl. 'Z4-472) 9 Claims. 1.

This invention relates to power transmissions, more. particularly in automobiles and of the kind wherein. planetary gears are used to provide a number of gear ratios while the gears remain constantly in mesh, no gears being shiftedy said planetary gears being arranged to furnish a flexible and easily controlled mechanism without the use of a uid coupling or torque converter. It relates also to transmissions in which automatic mechanism serves to furnish an infinite range of gear ratio between the drive and the driven shafts.

The invention is a continuation in part in improvement upon my co-pending applications, Serial Nos.` 148,227, led March 7, 1950, and 204,000,fi1ed January 2, 1951.

The present demonstration includes inventions of these prior applications, insofar as parts of the whole may be compared therewith, but represents new unitary combinations as outlined in the following specification.

These are the objects, advantages and features of the invention;

The preferred form ofV construction comprises a front planetary assembly, gears in which are enclosed to form a controllable pressure pump, a rear. planetary assembly, front and rear brakes, front and rear clutches, a drive shaft, an intermediate shaft and a driven shaft.

The front clutch directly connects the drive shaft to the intermediate shaft while the rear clutch serves to connect the intermediate shaft to the driven shaft by locking the members of the rear planetary assembly.

mal condition.

The front brake is normally biased to the disengaged position by a spring and applied hydraulically to hold a gear member of the front planetary assembly stationary to act as a reaction gear. The rear brakev is normally springbiased to the applied position to hold a gear member of therear planetary assembly stationary to act as a reaction gear and restrained fromengagement by hydraulic pressure. Provision is also made for holding a gear member in the rear assembly stationary to furnish reverse drive.

Control means are provided for producing automatic change of gear ratio in response to the torque' applied to the intermediate shaft which mechanism includes a hump and means to lessen the resistance to the discharge from said pump in step with an increase in the torque transmitted.

Gear members in the front planetary assembly y Both clutches are spring-biased to the engaged position in the nor are used to provide the resistance pump; said members being' fitted with a casing and performing their pumping function without the use of any co-operating gears external to the said casing.

A simple set of valve control mechanisms which are easily serviced provide an efficient regulation of the various parts of the planetary transmission. In the preferred form these valves are grouped in an easily detachable block which may if desired be replaced by an entirely new unit. The manual control may be moved into any position, at any speed of the vehicle, without damage of` any kind to the transmission. A smooth start with clutch effect is furnished in any gear setting and the change between rst gear and reverse is a simple one not calling for special handling of the control by the operator.

An automaticY change into high gear is provided when the speed of the vehicle exceeds a predetermined speed such as 50 M. P. H. Also a change-down is provided automatically from one gear ratio to the next lower gear ratio when the throttle is fully depressed at any speed below 50'M.P.v H.

An electric switch in the circuit to the starter is-provided which is closed when the hand brake is applied' and broken when the same brake is released. This is an important safety factor since the said brake in the invention mechanically disengages the front clutch when applied and the engine can thus only be started when the said engine is in acondition of free-wheeling wherein the drive shaft is unable to transmit any appreciable degree of torque to the intermediate shaft.

The conventional clutch pedal is eliminated while providing that the accelerator pedal may furnish a free-wheeling condition of the engine when said throttle. pedal is fully released. The

important feature, that of constantly available free-wheeling, would not be present if an hydraulically operated automatic check mechanism, which willr be described later in the specification, is included in the transmission. Simple means, however, such as a tap controlled by the operator, would suiiice to render the said mechanism inoperative at any time and the ability to freewheel under all conditions would be maintained. It is also arranged that said change-down .and said free-wheeling are operative independently of any gear setting that may have been selected by the hand control. Between said fully released and fully depressed positions of the accelerator pedal the gear setting of the handle control is made effective and" so in the free-wheel position of the pedal the gear may be preselected and will become operative when the throttle is depressed.

When the flow of fluid from the planetary pump described becomes increasingly restricted the rotation of the gears forming said pump becomes increasingly retarded and when closure of the outlet is complete the said gears become practically locked. This process will be referred to as gear-locking. Gear-locking is employed to bring a drive shaft and a driven shaft to practically the same speed of rotation before clutching means which serves to connect the said shafts for unitary rotation becomes operative so that the wear and strain on said clutch is reduced to a minimum. Gear-locking is also used to check the rotation of the front brake drum and reversal of rotation of the drum is utilised to cause application of said brake at a moment when said drum is practically stationary so that wear and strain on said brake members is also reduced to a minimum.

A centrifugal mechanism, inoperative when the vehicle is in reverse, provides for special control when the speed is below 3 M. P. H. and for a further control when the speed exceeds 50 M. P. H.

Valve means for gear control is provided, which is not sensitive to the rough jarring of a heavy vehicle. This, combined with the saving of wear on brakes and clutches and freedom from unusual heat production render the transmission specially suitable for the demanding requirements of a military tank.

Other objects, advantages and features, include: Use of only two brakes for forward drive while at the same time one of the brake bands replaces that of the usual hand brake; a single pump suffices for the supply of fluid pressure where two are commonly used, and also, relief for that pump is provided in high gear to reduce the drag on the transmission; a positive neutral ensures no creeping; four xed ratio gears are available for forward drive or for hill-braking; and because of the increased number of gears an unusually large engine is not called for, while the rear axle may be fitted with a higher ratio of drive; an automatic drive with infinite gear ratio capably applied, no matter what the position of r the controls, operates when pump pressure fails and the speed is below 3 M. P. H., no special parking position of said controls being required; a thermostatic control serving to regulate the speed of gear-locking in accordance with the viscosity of the contained oil; a high gear in which a direct drive is obtained without slip; a brake which is automatically applied when the control handle is placed in neutral and the speed of the car does not exceed 3 M. P. H.; simple controls which are not subject to seizure or mechanical failure and are not dependent on opposing uid pressures acting simultaneously for their operation; provision for lock-out of reverse when the car is going forward at more than a predetermined low speed while the speed in reverse is not limited in any way; provision for the engagement of the rear clutch and rear brake while the front clutch and the front brake are still free and no torque is being transmitted; this early engagement saves the members of the rear unit from wear and strain; a hand brake which, while using a brake band and drum that also serve to provide a gear ratio for driving, acts in the conventional way in any gear setting that may be provided by the hand control; a transmission which does not call for special cooling because undue heating is not present; a transmission which does not need electric solenoids. or vacuum connections, or the commonly-used accumulator valve in the operation of the brakes and clutches therein; a transmission which does not use a specially sensitive governor and does not pass torque with the aid of a one-way detent such as a roller or ball mechanism of any kind; a gearbox in which all the necessary adjustments could be made from without; and a transmission in which the drive shaft is divided into two relatively movable spring-biased parts, said parts cooperating to furnish a torque-responsive valve which provides the control needed for an automatic drive.

The present invention is especially concerned with improvements in the controls required for a transmission such as the one which has just been described One object of the invention is to provide dashpots between the two parts of the divided drive shaft serving to prevent sudden relative movement between said parts while at the same time provision is made for a special valve which becomes actuated when the said relative movement occurs in the opposite direction of rotation, either when the engine ceases to fire or when it is being used as a brake, the torque being then transmitted forwardly from the said intermediate shaft to the said drive shaft.

Said special valve, when the engine is driving, is opened to supply pressure for the disengagement of a spring-biased stop mechanism which, while normally permitting the accelerator pedal to be released into the free-wheeling position, acts on the shutting off of pressure by said special valve, to move said pedal into the throttle-justopening position in which free-wheeling is no longer operative.

Another object is to provide centrifugal mechanism in connection with the front brake drum for the actuation of a sliding disc associated with said drum, said mechanism permitting said disc to operate a reversal control for said brake when said rotating drum slows down and then rotates in the opposite direction. Said mechanism is spring-biased to normally urge said disc to contact with said reversal control.

A further object is to make the said torqueresponsive valve which provides the automatic control, responsive also to variations in the speed of the Vehicle, the range of action of said latter valve being varied by the movement of an apertured sliding collar which is actuated by a connection from the centrifugal mechanism operated by the driven shaft.

Still another object is to provide a simplified selector valve which serves to control the clutches and brakes in the four forward gears and in neutral and reverse, while the automatic drive is furnished by a special automatic valve which has its own hand control.

These and other features, objects and advantages will be apparent from the annexed specification in which:

Fig. l is an external over-all view of a transmission in a preferred form of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the left portion of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the right portion of Fig. 1.

Fig,y 4 is `:an:schematic presentation ofthe, connections and'l .controlsi for the rear brake.

Figi, 5 isa: cross sectionalong the'linef-S 0f Fig. 2.

Fig'.v 6 is a vertical section cfa detachable plate or'l blockf serving to house the: various. valve controls.

Fig. '1 isv a series of sections of the selector valve 300 shown in Fig. 6 serving to indicate the variousy settings for the different gears and for neutral and reverse.

Fig. 8 is av diagram showing the apertures co-operatingto form the torque-responsive valve show-n in Fig. 2.

Fig. 9 is a schematic presentation of the various hand and foot controls in their connection with the valves shown in Fig. 6.

Fig., 10 is a section of a power-relief mechanism shown .in connection with the rear brake.

Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic section indicating an alternative form of construction of thel rear planetary system shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 12 is a plane .proiection showing diagrammatically a construction of selector valve 380 shownin Figs. 6 and '1 wherein superficial slots only are used for both power and drainage.

Figs; 13 and 14 indicate a further construction of the rear unit.

Fig. 15 shows a mechanism suitable for the front or reverse brake.

Fig.y 16 shows amodied construction of the reversal `valve 210 shown in Fig. 6.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings:

In Figs. 1 and 2k the power-transmission of the invention is shown as including a drive shaft 20 which receives torque from the engine. A cross Wall 2| forming partlof the gear box :wall is provided, the shaft 20 beingsupported in a bore 22 of the cross wall 2|.by ball bearings 4| and providedA with a re-entrant bore 23 adapted to receive the reduced end ofthe shaft 24. The shaft 20 isV provided with an enlarged end or flange 25 to which there isv secured, as by means ofthe studs 26, a casing 21 which houses Aa split shaft mechanism hereinafter described.

The shaft 2|)` is also provided withl agear 30 which is hou-sed in a housing 3| secured. to cross wall 2| by studs 32. Thesame housing contains a gear 33 mounted on a hub 34 carried yby and forming a part of cross wall2| which is apertured at 36 to pass oil to the gears 30. and 33.V Housing 3| is apertured as at 31 to receive a conduit 38 which forms themain supply linefor conveying. oil. under. pressure: to. operate the various clutches, brakes" and valves controlling the transmission; the assemblyjust described being the operating pressure pump of the transmission.

Shaft 24v is provided in the region of the casing 21 with lateral extensions 40 and; similarly, the casing21 is provided withY complementary inwardly extending members I |16r (Fig. 5). Shaft 24.is fitted with a longitudinally extending lbore 45 and a lateral bore 44. Coil'springs-SD mounted in chambers 85 within casing-21 serve to transmit torque from shaft 20 to shaft 24, each spring having one end abutting against a protuberance 40 on shaft 24 andthe other end against a protuberance |06 on casing 21. Chambers 18 and 85 act as dashpots to prevent undue fluctuations in the relative movement of shafts 28 and 24 when springs 50 are compressed. Casing 2,1.y is enclosed by. asesina; A52. attached by studs 3.2. to..-

cross wa1l2| and a hub` extension 4810i; casing 52v embraces and supports a similar extension58 of the rear wall 56 of casing 21.

Closely fitting `between shaft 24 and collar extension 58 is a sliding collar-like member 28 apertured as at 41 and slotted in its length at 13 to` closely receive a key 39 which serves to prevent any rotation of collar 28 on shaft 24. Collar 28 is tted at its rear end with an enlarged slotted head 29 through which collar 28 is moved axially .by lever arm 35 in accordance with the speed of the car as will be described. Specially shaped apertures 46 and 41 in collars 58 and 28 co-operate to form a valve the eifective opening of which is varied as shaft 24 carrying collar 28 with it undergoes relative movement to shaft 28 and collar 58, in accordance with the amount of torque passing and the degree of compression of springs 58. The greater the torque the more the opening provided by the relative rotation of collars' and 28 but as car speed is increased the escape opening becomes proportionally reduced.

Said escape is from a planetary pump 555 (Fig. 3) which will be described, through bores 44 and 45, apertures 46 and 41, and tube 66, the latter being opened or closed by a valve 410 in the control block shown in Fig. 6. In the diagram in Fig. 8 rotatable sleeve 58 is shown fitted with aperture 41 and sliding collar 28, with aperture 46. rThe triangle 666 represents the actual opening of the torque valve. The assembly described above will be referred to as the torque valve."

Whenthe speed of shaft 24 exceeds that of shaft 28, which occurs when the engine ceases firing or the operator of the vehicle is using the engine as a brake, compression of springs 50 ceases and protuberances 48 and |06 come together, closing chambers 19, the rate of this movement being determined by the amount ofl flow allowed by the reduced areas 10 between dashpots 18 and 85. When the engine is started a valve |1 is opened to pass power through a permanently open port |16 thro-ugh a bored conduit and an annular slot l2 to a tube |6 and a cylinder i3 bo-red in casing 3|, moving a piston |4 fitted with extension pin 42 against spring I5, to` allow a lever arm 2| 2, connected to pedal 5w (Fig. 9) andV pivoted at 2 to have freedom. The opposite movement, wherein chambers 19 are closed with the abuttal of extensions 40 and |86 serves to shut valve port i1 and to open a port |11 formed between shafts 20 and 24 to allow cylinder I3 to drain through a permanent drain outlet-10 whereon piston pin 42 is moved upward by spring l5 to move lever arm 2|2 into throttlejust-open-p-osition 211 (dotted). By suitably extending conduit I6 the cylinder I3 with piston I4 may be located in any other desired position such as'that shown diagrammatically in Fig. 9. The assembly just described will be referred to as the free-wheel checkf The divided shaftsv 28 and 24 with casings 21 and 14 and brake drum 12| collectively supply thelack of a flywheel, if the engine be not fitted with one, and may be made sui'nciently robust for that purpose (see Fig. 3).

Shaft 24V- isV also provided with a lateral bore 5i opening to an annular groove 54 formed in a ring 53 which serves for the attachment of a conduit 55 which has permanent communicationY with bore i5 and for the attachment of a conduit 59 which is constantly open through annular grooveVv 5.1y in` ring 5,3; to. longitudinal bore68 which conveys power when needed for the disev engagement of the front clutch. Shaft 24 is also provided with a bore |19 which conveys oil under pressure from conduit i8 through radial bores |9 for the lubrication of the torque valve assembly and serving also to keep the dashpots 19 and 85 from draining. Shaft 24 is also tted with an escape oriilce 49 which is uncovered by the application of the hand brake when it moves collar 81 to disengage the front clutch, spring 296 normally biasing collar 81 to close escape port t9.

Pressure conduit 3S may be fitted with a spring-biased ball or other similar valve |80 which while allowing free flow in one direction closes to restrict return now to that permitted by a small permanent leak EBI. This valve serves to prevent any sudden power reduction. Its use may be limited to the rear clutch and rear brake as shown at |3912 in Fig. 6.

In Fig. 1 a worm gear H9 fixed to driven shaft |25 meshes with a worm gear (not shown) carried by a cross-shaft 65 serving to drive a centrifugal mechanism |53 through a one-way mechanism E82 which idles when the shaft' |25 is reversing. The centrifugal mechanism |83 operates an angled lever |34, fulcrumed at 29|, which in turn, actuates through a link |86, a lever 35 fulcrumed at 202, which, through its yoke 203, working in the slotted end of a sliding sleeve 28, serves to axially move sleeve 28 to the right as the speed of shaft |25 increases.

In Fig. 3 the numeral 14 generally indicates a housing with which are integral a clutch cross wall 12, a front wall 15, and a rear wall 16.

The front wall 15 is bored out as at 11 to form a cylinder and is provided with a lateral bore 18 communicating the annular groove S2 with cylinder 51.

In one practical form the device is provided with six similar cylinders l1 and six lateral bores 18, two of which are shown in Fig. 3. The cylinders 11 are fitted with pistons 80 which are hollow and are integral with shafts 8| which extend through bores 92 in the front wall 15. The outer ends of piston shafts 8| are enlarged to form collars 83. The wall l5 is provided with bores S4 for bleeding each of the cylinders 11. A sleeve S6 integral with an enlarged collar 81 is carried by shaft 24. Front wall carries six brackets 90, each mounting a pivoted lever arm 9| having one end engaging one of the collars 83 and the other end which is appreciably longer, providing a mechanical advantage, contacts col lar 81.

A yoke 92 is provided engaging the collar 81 and suitably pivoted on a cross shaft 93 for the moving of collar 81 to pivot lever arms 9| withdrawing pistons 80 to their full forward position to disengage the clutch which will be described. The operation of yoke 92 by the hand brake is shown in Fig. 4 (also Fig. 9)

The pistons Si! are reduced in diameter throughout the major portion of their length and the reduced portion is adapted to be received within a bore 94 in the clutch cross wall 12. The piston head 95 is adapted to engage a plate 96 forming a part of the clutch, said plate being annular and engaging each of the pistons 80.

late 96 is externally splined and movably mounted in slots formed in a ring 91, which carries a series of lighter plates 98 to form with plate 96 the driving elements of the clutch. A xed rear wall 99 having a circular opening |00 and integral with housing 14 completes the clutch.

The intermediate shaft E1 is tted with an enlarged head |0| and a tubular extension |02. A ring |03 on extension |02 movably receives the inner clutch plates |04.

From the foregoing description, it will be apparent that fluid under pressure by conduit 59, longitudinal bore 60, and bore 1B will be communicated to cylinders 11, thus tending to force the pistons to the limit of their forward movement. Coil springs |05 are provided on each of the piston shafts 8|, having one end abutting the front wall 15 and the other end abutting the piston heads 95. Thus the clutch mechanism is spring applied and hydraulically disengaged by the above described mechanism.

The enlarged head |0| of the intermediate shaft 61 is provided with an annular groove |01 cooperating with the annular groove 64, and three bores |08, only one of which is shown in Fig. 3 communicate the passage formed by the grooves 84 and |01 to the outlets of a gear pump hereafter described.

The shaft 61 in the region of the enlarged head |0i is also provided with a collar |99 formed integrally therewith and constituting both a front pump wall and a planet carrier. The collar |09 is fitted with three bosses ||0 constituting the bearings for a corresponding number of planet gears and a rear pump wall ||2 is provided, preferably secured to the bosses ||0 by means of stud elements H3. The rear wall ||2 is apertured as at ||4 for the reception of shaft ||5 carrying sun gear IIB. The shaft H5 is hollow and revolves about the shaft 61, as shown. An annulus gear ||1 is provided on the innerl side of the housing 14 cooperating with the planets A sump is provided constituting the rear Wall 16 and rear clutch wall 99 and any oil passing into the sump is forced towards the pump planets by centrifugal action. rIhe planetary pump must be constantly supplied to be eillcient and oil may be carried inside wall 16 by a conduit ||8 which connects to reservoir 296 splash-lled by scoops which gather drainage at a low level.

The shaft H5 is provided with an integrally formed plate |20 carrying an outer casing 2| which forms a brake drum and ends in a tapered flange |9I. A disc with tapered edge |92 is integral with a collar |18 carried on shaft 91 and is biased rearwardly by spring |94 which bears against plate |29. Hinged centrifugal weights 88 borne by supports |93 on plate |22 and disc |92 act to bring flange |9| and disc |92 together, compressing spring |94 and stopping any frictional pull by said flange and disc. on a yoke |95 which is swung by pin |96 on a brake control rod |91. Rod |91 is rotatably mounted in supports 54 and is fitted with a swinging arm |90 which is connected by a link |99 to the actuating arm |39 of valve 210 (Fig. 6) the cross-shaft of .which may conveniently be in a plane at right angles to that of shaft |91. The assembly described constitutes a controlling mechanism (for the operation of the front brake) which is freed by the action of the centrifugal weights 88 as long as the speed of rotation of drum 2| is enough to overcome the bias of spring |94. When the drum slows down spring |94 moves disc |92 away from flange |9| and the disc and flange become gripped tightly by the inner surfaces of yoke |95 which is rotated to abut against a suitable stop, the yoke |95 thereafter slidingl onl said 'disc'.and ange.l When the drum stops "rotating inthe" one direction and `commences to rotatein the oppositedirection yoke |95 and shaft |91 are swungthrough the complete range of movement which they areallowed by a suitable stop and valve 215 is rotated by'link |99 into the second of itstwo operating positions. The valveZlD will be referred to as the reversal valve and its full operation will be described later.

lIn Fig. 3 for greater clearness the clutches and brakes are shown in the disengaged position. Abrake band |22 with Suitable lining |23 is-provided for drum |2| `and will be referred to as the front brake. A ring |29 with an annular 'groove |35 and supported on shaft 61 serves for the attachment of a conduit |3| which furnishes pressure and drainage in the actuation of the rear planetary clutch about to be described.

The central shaft 6i is provided with a reentrantbore |24 for receiving the front end `of the driven shaft |25. Shaft 61 also has a longitudin'albore |25 and a lateral bore |21 through which pressure is passed `from conduit 3| through an annular groove |36 to a plurality of lateral vbores |33 and cylinders i5| formed in casing member |33. The brake band |62 will be referred to as therear brake.

Said 'casing |38 which is supported rotatably on shaft 61 functions externally as a brake drum for the rear brake and houses within it the rear clutch. Integral with casing |35 is a front wall 13d, a central clutch wall |35 and a rear clutch wall |50 which is extended to carry a sun gear |61 which provides the reaction needed for a low ratiodrive.

The central clutch Wall |35 is apertured as at |43 to receive the reduced end of a piston 14|. As before, preferably six pistons |4| are provided. These are `hollow and contain a coil spring |1i2. heavy movable plate |44 of the clutch under the bias of the springs |42. Outer clutch plates |45 are again splined in ring |46 and inner clutch plates |41 are vsplned in ring |45, which ring "is mounted on a tubular extension |49 of shaft 61. It will be 'apparent from the above described mechanism that the rear clutch is applied by springs |42 and disengaged by pressure from conduit i3 The `driven shaft |25 is provided with a platelike extension |64 which has a plurality of studs |65 extending forwardly to carry a first series of planet gears |56 'and a set of studs |16 which carry'a second series of planet gears |1| which mesh internally with the first series of planets |65 and externally with an annulus gear |1ii. Preferably there are three planets in each of said series.

A bearing member |12 is provided on shaft |25 and carries a plate |13 which mounts the annulus gear |14 the outer surface of which acts as a brake drum for a brake |19 which is used for reverse drive. The brake member |19 will be referred to as the reverse brake.

At its rear end shaft 51 has a drivingr sun |51 which drives the rst series of planets and rotatably supports a sun gear |61 which meshes with the second series of planets which are prolonged for that purpose, said sun gear |61 being integral with casing |38.

The operation of the above described device is as follows:

First year.-The.front clutch is disengaged by pressure supplied to cylinders 11 through conduits 59,. 69 and 1.3:. The rear clutch isdisrfhe piston heads |43 engage the engaged by pressure supplied to cylinders |5| through conduits 93|, |26and |33. The frnt brake |22 is applied through controls tobe described to hold drum |2| and front sun H6 stationary. rfhe engine drive then passes through shafts 2D and 24 to annulus gear i il, and planet gears providing an approximately 1.5 to l ratio of drive. The rear sun gear |51 'rotates the first series of planets backwardly and the second series |1| forwardlyto 'wind said second series forwardly on'the teeth of the reaction 'sun gear Nif which is held stationary by rear brake |62. The forward movement of the second series on sun gear |61 carries forward extensions Ve and |65 integral with the driven shaft |25. A suitable ratio for this rear planetary drive would be 2.5 to l, the two planetary sets thus furnishing a rst gear ratio of 3.75 to 1. For "clearness planets |1| have been shown long and planets |66 short. 'In practice the opposite arrangement would be more satisfactory.

Second gear.-The front brake is allowed to be taken off by a spring while the front clutch becomes applied by the action of springs |05, conduits 59, 60 and 18 draining cylinders 11. rIhe rear brake is applied and the rear'clutch is dis engaged as described under First gear.

Third gear.-The front brake is applied, the front clutch freed by hydraulic pressure tocylinders 11. The rear brake is held off by hydraulic pressure as will be described later and the 'rear clutch is engaged by lsprings |42 acting when cylinders |5| are drained.

Fourth gema-Both brakes |22 and |62 are free. Both clutches are engaged, the front one directly connecting the drive shaft 24 to the in termediate shaft 61, the rear clutch locking 'the sun gear |61 to shaft 61 so that the two series of rear planets become locked and in turn lock shaft 61 to driven shaft |25 for unitary rotation.

For reverse drive the annulus gear member 14 which rotated idly in rst and second gears is held stationary by reverse brake band |19 while clutch casing |38 is rotated idly. Planets |66are rotated backwardly, planets |1| forwardly winding back on the gear |14 taking with them studs '|10 and driven shaft |25.

IReferring now more particularly to Fig. 11 there is shown diagrammatically an alternative embodiment of the rear planetary and clutch mechanisms described in connection with Fig. 3. With this construction, in low gear drive, shaft 61 rotates sun gear |51' forwardly and planet gears |66 backwardly, winding the latter gears forwardly on annulus gear |61 which is held stationary by the application of brake |62' to casing |13. Planet hubs |65 carry driven shaft |25' forward. Planet gears |1| and annulus *gear |14' are rotated idly.

In reverse, brake band |19 holds annulus gear |14' stationary and shaft 61 rotates forwardly, planet gears |66 backwardly, and carrying annulus gear |61 backwardly and with it the Isun gear 261. Planet gears |1| are rotated forlwardly; to wind planet gear hubs |15 and vdriven shaft |25 backwardly, on the annulus gear |14 with whichvsaid gears mesh. y

In direct drive with this unit clutch |45" |4`|' locksshaft 61 to annulus-carrying casing |15 and the rear planetary system becomes locked for unitary rotation.

Referring again to Figs. 1 and 2, the torque and speed responsive valve described therein is indicated generally by the numeral 666 and the'v enclosed planetary gear resistance pump by the numeral 555 in Fig. 3.

In connection with the torque-responsive valve described in Fig. 2, Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the interaction of rotary sleeve 58, provided with aperture 41, with the laterally sliding collar 28, provided with aperture 40. As the aperture 41 is moved to the right axially away from the aperture 43 with increasing speed of the vehicle the escape opening represented by the triangle 606 becomes lessened. As the springs 50 are increasingly compressed with the passing of greater torque shafts and 24 undergo relative rotation and sleeve 58, integral with shaft 20, brings its aperture 41 into closer relationship with the aperture oi sliding collar 28. So that, with increase of vehicle speed or less passage of torque, the escape opening 636 becomes lessened and it enlarges if the car slows or torque increases.

Controls suitable for the aforesaid transmission will now be described, with particular reference to Figs. 4, 6, and 9. The operator of the vehicle would be provided with:

(l) A hand control lever 500, most conveniently placed on the steering post, and capable of l being located in six positions-high gear, 3rd, 2nd, 1st, neutral and reverse.

(2) An accelerator pedal, 5|0.

(3) A hand brake, 520.

(4) A rarely-used hand lever or pedal for inechanically camming ofi the rear brake when the engine is dead and a push start or towing is needed, 540.

In Fig. 6 is shown a block 333 attached by bolts at 334 to the side of the transmission box and serving to house the valve controls of the hydraulic system. The hydraulic connections between the transmission as shown in Fig. 1 and valve-housing block 333 include:

(l) A power conduit 38 conveying operating pressure for the various hydraulic controls.

(2) Escape conduits 55 and 65 regulating the clutching action of the planetary resistance pump 555.

(3) Conduits 59 and |31 serving for the operation of the front and rear clutches respectively.

(4) Conduits 233, 333 and 304, serving for the operation of the front and rear brakes and the reverse brake band respectively.

(5) A conduit 331 in connection with the rear brake mechanism for the relief of pressure in the power system when the speed of the car exceeds M. P. I-I.

In the drawings and especially in Figs. 6, '1, and 12, abbreviations are used as follows:

P. indicates a conduit or chamber which is constantly open to pressure from power conduit 38. K. D. indicates kick-down. P. R. indicates a conduit or chamber concerned with power relief. F. B., front brake. F. C., front clutch. R. B., rear brake. R. C., rear clutch. Rev., reverse. T. V., torque-responsive valve. G. L. V., gear-lock valve. F. W., free-wheel. Auto, automatic. S. V., selector valve. H. B., hand brake. Centl., centrifugal.

Horizontal iluid shading lines indicate a chamber or conduit which is freely open to permanent drainage.

A horizontally positioned cylinder 339 in block 333 houses a rotary piston valve 300 which will be referred to as the selector valve, having a handle 320 hinged at 235 to rod 503 which through bevel gears 502 is actuated by hollow shaft 50| from the operators handle 500. Selector valve 300 may be rotated into six positions` as shown in Figs. 1 and 12. It is located at one end by a knob 234 and at the other by a shoulder 32| which bears against a plate 321 held in place by an oil seal 328 and plug 336 screwed into block 333. The indication 3rd shows that the valve 300 is in position for third gear drive. Starting from the left end valve 300 is fitted with internal bores 3|1, 3|8, 39 and 320. Fig. 12 indicates a construction in which these bores are replaced by superficial slots.

Parallel with valve 300 is a spring-biased valve 340 reciprocating in a cylinder 250 bored in block 333.

Valves 300 and 340 are connected for normal gear setting by conduits 303, 306, 3|0 and 3|3, and for a kick-down gear change, which will be described later, by conduits 304, 301, 3I| and 3|4.

Valve 300 is also connected with a valve 380 by conduits 3|5 and 3|'6 for rear brake and reverse control above and below 3 M. P. H. as will be described.

Bore 3|1 is concerned only with front clutch operation and opens constantly to an annular groove 30| and conduit 302 to receive pressure from a power conduit 301 communicating with the pump conduit 38.

Valve 300 is tted with six of these annular grooves. Three of them open respectively to the power conduits 331, 483 and 484. These grooves are 30|, 351, and 323 (Fig. '1). Two grooves 355 and 353 open to recesses 3|2 and 305 for permaent drainage. The last of the grooves 322 opens constantly to a conduit 308 and a conduit 493 to be given power' or drainage according to the setting of the free-wheel valve 460. Valve 300 is also provided with a spring-biased ball 324 in a slot 359 serving to hold the valve in its different settings. Bore 3|1 is open to conduit 303 in 2nd and high gear and to conduit 304 in 3rd gear ready for the kick-down change to 2nd.

Bore 3|8 is concerned with rear clutch operation only and receives power through groove 351 from conduit 433. It is open to conduits 306 and 301 in 1st and 2nd gears and in reverse. There is no kick-down change involved because the rear clutch must remain disengaged by pressure in all three of these gears.

Bore 3|9 through groove 322 is constantly open to a conduit 308 connecting it with free-wheel valve 460 and is opened to conduit 3|0 in lst, 3rd and reverse gears, and to conduit 3|| in 1st and reverse because these remain unchanged, and in 2nd and 4th ready for kick-down.

Bore 320 is open constantly through conduits 484 and 325 to power line 368. This connection may be protected from a sudden fall in pressure from any cause, such as a broken power line, by a spring-biased ball |801) which on closure allows only a. restricted leak |8|b to be operative, ensuring a slow application of the rear brake. If needed, the rear brake can at any time be cammed off by the use of handle 540.

Bore 320 is concerned only with the operation of the rear brake and the reverse band and opens to conduit 3|3 in 3rd and 4th gears, neutral and reverse. For kick-down change, it opens to conduit 3I4 in 4th and reverse. It opens to conduit 3|5, which becomes operative below 3 M. P. H. for 3rd, 4th and reverse. It opens to conduit 3IS for the application of the reverse band.

Conduite 303 and 304 are front clutch controls, 303 and 301 rear clutch controls, 3| 0 and 3| front brake controls and 3|3, 3|4 and 3|5 serve in the operation of the rear brake, 3|5 being used only to provide a rear brake control in neutral that 13 comes into` action when kthe car is stopping .at an intersection and the speed falls below .3 M. P. H.

Conduits 303, .308, .3| and 3|3 are .operative in the normal gear settings of the selector valve 300 and conduits 304, 301, 3|| and 3|4 come into action when valve 340 `moves to the right to furnish a kick-down gear change.

-Selector valve 300 is also tted with superficial slots which provide drainage as follows:

Conduit 303 opens to the drain 305 in lst and 3rd gears. Conduit 3.04 opens to the drain 305 in 1st, 2nd and 4th. Conduit 306 opens to the drain 305 in 3rd, 4th and neutral. Conduit 301 opens to the drain 305 in 4th. Conduit 3 I il opens to the drain 3 I2 in 2nd, 4th and neutral. Conduit 31| opens to the drain 3| 2 in 3rd. Y lConduite 3|3, 3 |4, 3|5 open to the drain 3|2 in 1st and 2nd. Conduit 3 5 opens to the drain 3 I 2 in neutral.

Drains 401 and 408 prevent the building up of any end pressure against valve 300.

Adjacent to valve 300 in block 333 a cylinder 250 houses a valve 340 which takes the form of an elongated slotted piston biased to a normal central position vby springs 341 and 348 located in chambers 350 and 349 which form the ends of cylinder 250. Chamber 350 is closed by a plug 348 screwed into block 333.

Valve 340 is fitted with the annular reduced portions which form slots 34|, 342, 343, 344 and 345.

A cylindrical bore 33| in block 333 houses a cross shaft 330 provided with a central power bore 369 opening to a radial bore 332 and integral with or in alignment and coupled with the shaft 206 which carries the lever arm |84 of the centrifugal mechanism |83 (Fig. l). Below 3 M. P. H. shaft 330 is in its low position in which bore 332 opens to a conduit 38| to operate to the left a-valve 380 which will be described. With increasing speed of the car valve 330' is rotated anti-clockwise and at 50 M. P. H. bore 332 opens pressure to chamber 349 through conduit 353, serving to actuate valve 340 to the left against spring 341 to provide an automatic change up` to high gear.

-In this high gear setting of valve 340 the slots 34|, 342, 344 and 345 open to power line 361, drain 305, drain 309 and power line 358 respectively,

selector valve 300 being by-passed, no matter what its setting may be. A power relief line 331 (Fig. l0) is opened through slot 343 and conduits 498 and 493 to a bore 46| and power line 362 in the free-wheel valve 460 to be described later. At the same time valve 340 shuts off conduit 482 to make a kick-down change inoperative. When valve 340 returns to its central position the power relief line 331 opens through slot 343 to drain 406. Between 3 and 50 M. P. H. reduced area 409 of valve 330 which is open to free drainage releases pressure from chambers 349 and 382.

A cylinder 491 bored in block 333 houses a cross shaft 480 fitted with a reduced portion 494, an axial power bore 366 and a radial bore 240 opening therefrom.

Shaft 430 carries an arm 538 on the exterior of block 333 which is actuated anti-clockwise by accelerator pedal 5|0 when it is moved to the kick-down position 565. In this position bore 24.0 passes pressure through conduit. 48.2 tochamber 350 to move valve 340 to the right and slots 34|, 342, 344 and 345 register respectively with conduits 304, 301, 3|| and 3| 4. Selector valve 300 in this position provides a gear setting next lower than that in use Iwhen valve 340 is centered. The kick-down change applies in 4th, 3rd and 2nd gears. Valve 345 will be referred to as the up-down valve.

A cylindrical bore 49| in block 333 houses a cross shaft 490 which is integral on the exterior of the block 333 with an arm 528 which through link 529 is operated by the hand brake 520 which is fulcrumed at 52| (Fig. 4). Valve 494 is fitted with a transverse bore 495 having a dilated end 20| and in its normal setting opens a rear clutch conduit I3| through recess 498, slot 342 and conduit 336 to selector valve 380. When the hand brake is applied shaft 498 is rotated clockwise closing ofi recess 496 and opening line |3| to drain 405. This assures the engagement of the rear clutch at all times when the hand brake is applied.

A cylindrical bore 415 in block 333 houses a cross shaft 410 fitted with transverse bores 41|, 412, 413 and 414. Shaft 410 forms a valve serving by its rotation for a change from normal drive to automatic drive. It may be conveniently actuated through an external arm 532 biased by spring 533, by means of a handle 500, operating the rod 505, a lever arm 6|0 fulcrumed at 00|, and wire 603 which reverses its direction of action by means of pulley 604 (Fig, 9). In the normal drive position which is shown in Fig. 6 e. shoulder 416 integral Iwith shaft 430 abuts against the end 24| of a slot 242 and bore 41| opens a conduit 233 from the front brake operating mechanism (Fig. l5) to a conduit 419 connected with the free-wheel valve 466. Bore 412 opens a conduit 418 from valve 430 to the drain 403. Bore 413 opens a conduit 411 from valve 430 to conduit 492 connected with valve 349. When wire 693 is released valve 410 is rotated clockwise until shoulder 416 abuts against the end 48| of slot 242. In this new position automatic drive is established and bore 41| opens F. B. line 233 to the drain 400 to release the front brake. Bore 412 opens power line 364 to conduit 418, bore 463, recess 441, slot 44| and F. C. line 59 serving to disengage by pressure the front clutch when valve 450, which will be described,

moves upward. Bore 413 becomes closed off from conduit 492 from the selector valve and opens power line 355 to conduit 411, bore 482, conduit 249 and conduit 446 to move valves 450 and 440 upward against spring 433, as will be described, to gradually close off line 55 connected with the resistance pump 555. Bore 414 opensv the torque Valve line 66 to the drain 402. The front clutch is now disengaged by pressure, the front brake freed by drainage and resistance pump 555 allowed escape only through line 86 said escape Varying with the torque and speed settings of the torque valveV 656. An infinite number of gear ratios are operative between the drive shaft 20 and the intermediate shaft in automatic drive. When the torque valve 566 is completely closed the two latter said shafts attain practically unitary rotation. On the otherv automatic drive may be established in either of,A

two ratios, high and low, according to the settings of the rear brake and rear clutch by selector valve 300.

A cylindrical cross bore 465 in block 333 serves for the housing of a shaft 468, forming the ireewheel valve, and to which is xed, externally of block 333, an arm 539, biased by spring 546 and bored at 241 to permit passage of a link 565 fitted with adjustable nut 541. Shaft 460 is fitted with transverse bores 46|, 452, 453 and 454. When the throttle pedal |0 is released to the F. W. position 566, dotted in Fig. 9, lever 544 through links 504, 505 and 566 moves nut 541 to Contact arm 539, rotating shaft 466 anti-clockwise against the bias of spring 546, until a shoulder 466 on shaft 460 rests against the wall 461 of the drain chamber 222. Bore 46| now opens conduit 493 to drain 452, bore 462 opens conduits 24S and 446 to drain 40| causing valves 440 and 455 to be moved downward by spring 433, so that the front clutch is disengaged by pressure through conduit 59 and slot 44| by power line 363 regardless of the setting of selector valve 300. The resistance pump 555 is allowed free escape through line 55 and slot 444 to drain 222. Bore 463 is inactive.

Bore 464 opens the front brake line 233 through bore 41| and conduit 419 to the drain 222 and the front brake is disengaged by its spring regardless oi the setting of the selector valve 336.

In this free-wheel position the gear as set by the selector valve 3.0 may be pre-selected and it does not become operative until the shaft 439 is rotated into the drive position as shown in Fig. 6. In the drive position of valve 456 bore 46| supplies pressure from power line 352 to conduit 433 which connects with the selector valve, bore 462 opens conduit 411 to conduit 246 connecting with gearlock valve 45.) and reset valve 316. Bore 464 opens line 426 from the 210 reversal valve, to be described, to conduit 419 connecting with the front brake line 233.

This movement oi valve 460 into the drive position thus acts as a trigger to render the setting, that has been given for the front brake and front clutch by the selector valve, operative. The rear brake and rear clutch are operated directly by the selector valve and are not affected by this change in valve 465.

The disengagement of the front clutch and front brake with free escape from resistance pump 555 might be more correctly termed declutching than free-wheeling since it serves to take the place of a conventional clutch or a fluid coupling. It is preferred construction however to allow the rear brake and rear clutch to remain in the setting given them by the selector valve though it will be evident to those skilled in the art that connections could be provided for the simultaneous freeing of both clutches and both brakes to more nearly furnish a perfect condition of free-wheeling.

A vertically positioned cylindrical bore 445 in block 333 serves to house a duplex valve formed by a piston 440, which is concerned with the control of the iront brake and the resistance pump, and a second piston 455 which controls the operation of the front clutch. Both pistons are biased downwardly by a spring 433. Piston 440 is tted with an upper pin 453 to limit its upward travel, an annular slot 444, and a lower pin 253 which serves to maintain a chamber 442 between the two pistons 440 and 450. In a start in 1st or 3rd gear or reverse, said chamber 442 receives pressure from a conduit 443 for the upward actu- 16 ation of piston 440 in the engagement of the front brake, piston valve 450 remaining unmoved.

Valve 450 is tted with a slot 44| which normally conveys pressure from a power line 363 to conduit 59 serving to keep the front clutch disengaged.

The upper end of cylinder 445 forms a dashpot chamber 439 having an outlet conduit 435 with escapes to drains 4|| and 4|4. Said escapes determine the rate of upward movement allowed valve 440. Chamber 439 houses spring 438 and is closed by a plug 431 screwed into block 333. A conduit 55 from the resistance pump 555 is normally open through slot 444 to drainage recess 222. Upward movement of valve 440 gradually closes off slot 444 until at a certain stage of this closure valve 210, which will be described later and referred to as the reversal,valve, is suddenly rotated in a clockwise direction by shaft |91 (Fig. 3) when the front brake drum reverses its direction of rotation to turn forwardly with the engine. The front brake is at once applied by power from line 362 through bore 46|, conduits 493 and 368, bore 3|9, conduit 3|0, slot 344, conduit 35|, slot 312, conduit 389, bore 424, conduit 426, bore 464, conduit 419, bore 41| and conduit 233, acting on piston 280. At the same moment the reversal valve 213 opens chamber 442 to drain 4|2 through conduit 443 and bore 425 serving to cause the immediate downward return to its normal position of valve 440 under the pressure of spring 436, thus re-opening the resistance pump 555 to drain 222. rIhe power supply to the conduit 443 through bore 425 for the operation of p ston :.43 came through the ser-es of connections just described which join power line 362 to conduit 389.

Valve 456 normally disengages the front clutch by pressure from power line 363 through slot 44| to the front clutch line 59 and through bores 60 and 18 to cylinders 11.

When valve 453 is actuated upwardly for the engagement of the front clutch in 2nd or high gear, the power comes from the power line 351 through conduit 302, bore 3|1, conduit 303, slot 34|, conduit 492, bore 413, conduit 411, bore 462, conduit 246 to recess 446 at the lower end of cylinder 445. rIhis upward movement carries with it valve 449 which slowly closes off the ow through line 55 from the resistance pump 555. As the gearlock becomes complete front clutch Lne 59 is opened to drain 403 through slot 44|, recess 441, bore 463, conduit 418, and bore 412, springs |05 applying the front clutch.

When valve 450 is moved up in automatic drive, line 55 is again closed off but line 59 is opened by the automatic valve 410 to the power line 364 so that the front clutch remains disengaged.

Valve block 333 is bored transversely to form a cylinder serving to house a short cross shaft 436 which is bored as at 432 and constantly opens dashpot 439 through conduit 43| and 435 to a second cross shaft 421 bored as at 429 and housed in a cylinder 428. These two cross shafts provide adjustable escapes which regulate the flow from dashpot 439 and serve to control the speed of upward movement of valve 440.

Bore 432 opens through a variably restricted opening 433 to a drain 4|4 and valve 436 may be manually adjustable, or as shown in Fig. 9, be automatically varied by a thermostatic element 458 attached to a bracket 248, the opening 433 being increased as the Weather becomes colder and the viscosity of the oil increases. Restricted opening 433 oners the only escape from dashpot 17 439 at starting but4 when the speed of the car exceeds 3 M. P. H. valve 421 furnishes a second opening 439 which is adjustable by the setting of an external arm 469 (Fig. 9). Said opening 433 allows an additional escape for dashpot 439 through conduit 3.81 and slot 314 to the drain 4I I.

For rapid re-iilling dashpot 439 may be connected by a one-way conduit 581 (do-tted) with reservoir 295 shown in Fig. 3. Said reservoir 293 (dotted) serves to provide a steady supply of oil to the power pump, indicated generally by the numeral 639 in Fig. 2, and to the resistance pump 555, through conduits 295 and IIB, and is itself kept lled by splash from scoops |99 which collect the oil from the sump of the gearbox. Space 291 would be made wide enough to permit the introduction of conduit I8.

Block 333 is transversely bored through to form a cylinder 422 which serves to house a cross shaft valve 213 provided within the gearbox with an actuating arm |33. (Fig. 3) which through a link |99 is hinged to an arm |88 carried by shaft |91 rotatable in supports |54. When the engine starts the brake drum 12| is rotated backwardly and valve 21D is rotated anti-clockwise until a spring-biased ball 42| registers with a notch 423 in the Wall of cylinder 422. In this position it communicates the front brake line 423 through a bore 424 to conduit 388 and chamber 442 through conduit 443 and bore 425 to conduit 389. Valve 218, which will be referred to as the reversal valve, is now set for the application of the front brake. When the free-wheel valve 45|! is rotated clockwise into the throttle-opening position power isturned into chamber 442 to operate valve 440. When sufcient gearlock occurs the front brake drum reverses its direction of rotation and reversal valve 21!) is rotated clockwise to turn on power to the front brake m-echanism (Fig. from conduit 389- whereas it previously received drainage through conduit 388 to drain 413. As before described, valve 449 is rapidly returned to its down position by the opening of chamber 442 to drain 4|2. The process of reversal described may be called starting reversal since it only occurs at starting when the front brake drum is rotating backwardly. Once the car is in motion the front brake drum is either stationary, in first or third gear, or turning forwardly at engine speed in 2nd or high gear, and the next time reversal occurs it will be a backward one, and will be referred to `as late reversal. The valve whichv will now be described, the re-set valve 313, is moved to the right when the engagement of the front clutch occurs shutting off` the conduit 383 and setting conduit 388 for the next backward reversal.

Block 333 is fitted with a cylindrical bore 23| which serves to house reset valve 313', which is a piston fitted with annular slots 31| and 312, an end pin 255 and a spring-biased detent ball 318. At starting, valve 38|) is moved to the left by pressure in chamber 332, the speed of the car being below 3 M. P. H. and pin 315 moves reset valve 313 to the left until end pin 255 abuts against the wall of end chamber 25|. Ball 318 drops into notch 253 and holds valve 313 in that position until the front clutch is engaged by pressure in recess 445 for 2nd or top gear, or automatic drive is established by valve 41|). The said pressure in chamber 25| through conduit 2,52 moves reset valve 310 to the right until it again contacts pin 3.13 and ball 318 drops into detent notch 313. If now, in 2nd or-top gear, the speed falls below 3 M; P. H. the` pressure in 18.r chamber 382 is balanced by the pressure in chamber 25| aided by the bias of spring 338 and valve 310 remains held by notch 319. Said balance moves valve 310 to the right when starting in 2nd gear.

In Fig. 6 the controls are shown as with the car after a start in 3rd gear and at a speed over 3 M. P. H. freewheel valve 43|! being in the slightly-opened throttle position and automatic valve 410 being in the normal drive position.

Block 333 is bored to form a cylinder 385 which houses the 3-mile valve 380, which is a piston tted with end pins 316 and 255 and slots 313, 314', 315. It is biased by spring 338 which bears against a ring 311 tted in the inner end of cylinder 385 the diameter of which is slightly greater than thatV of cylinder 28| with which it is aligned. This increase in diameter isl needed for the placing of ring 311 but must not be enough to oiset the bias of spring 333 when chambers 25| and 382 are pressured at the same moment. Cylinder 385 is closed by plug 354 screwed into block 333.

At starting and up to a speed of 3 M. P. H. centrifugal valve 330 pressures chamber 38.2 to move valve 380 to the left, pin 31B taking reset valve 319 along with it. In this starting position valve 330 shuts off dashpot conduit 381 from drain 4I I, opens conduit 3I 6 through slot 315 to reverse line 384, and opens conduit 315 through slot 314 to rear brake line 383.

Over 3 M. P. H. valve 380 opens reverse line 384 and dashpot line 331 through slot 314 to drain fil I, and shuts off line 3|5 which is operative to engage the rear brake by drainage when the selector valve is placed in neutral. At the same time line 352 is opened through slot 313 to line 333 to pressure the rear brake from normal spring engagement in 3rd and 4th gears.

The action of the various valves will again be dealt with later under General operation.

A series of sections of the selector valve 393 is shown in Fig. 1 indicating the power and drainage connections needed for 1st, 2nd, and 4th gears, neutral and reverse. 3rd gear is shown in Fig. 6. The restricted ports |95 and 485 in neutral serve to prevent too rapid engagement of the rear clutch and rear brake when slowing down to below 3 m. at an intersection. The rear brake is spring applied and its action is not required until the car is nearly stopped. Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic plane projection of the surface of the selector valve constructed without internal rbores and supplying both power and drainage through inter-communicating superi-lcial slots.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 4. in which the rear brake connections are shown. Shaft 493 is tted with an external arm 528, operated through a link 529 by the hand brake 520, and with an internal arm 521 connected by a hinged link 523 to a lever 534 which through its end 535 serves to actuate a lever 560 for the application of the rear brake. Lever 560, fulcrumed at 55|, is fitted with a notch 552 bears against forked rod 553 which in turn bears against the rolled end 554l of' rearl brake band |62, tted with a lining |63. Band |32 is normally retracted by spring 559.

Lever 534 is Ihinged towards its centre at 533 to the end of a lever 519, fulcrumed at 93, and serves at its other yoke end 92 to operate collar 81 for theA disengagement of the iront clutch.

A cylinder 23| tted with a bored end 53,3 and having; a 13315151.54. at its; othery end serves to. house a. piston 562 which has an extension pin 550 closely tting in bore 580 and bearing at its end against lever 560. Piston 552 is normally biased by spring 563 to apply the rear brake E52 through lever 560 and is restrained from so doing by pressure in chamber 59| from conduit 383. Cylinder 23| is indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 1.

To disengage the rear brake when the car is to be towed, or pushed for a start with a dead engine, a cam 510, fulcrumed at 545 is rotated by its actuating arm 549, through link 543 and lever 54|, fulcrumed at 542, by a handle 540 which may be conveniently supported by dashboard 58|.

The hand brake 520, when applied, also serves to close a switch 522 which then makes the usual starter switch 524 operative to convey current from battery 525 to the starter motor 523. Herein resides a safety feature, in that the engine cannot be started until the hand brake is applied to (1) close switch 522 and (2) disengage the front clutch mechanically through collar 81.

In Fig. is shown a hydraulic mechanism which is operated to ease the work of the power pump 600 and so to lessen the drag on the transmission vvhen the car in top gear exceeds a speed of 50 M. P. H. A cylinder 569 houses a piston 513 tted with pins 514 and 215 and biased by spring 515. A conduit 331, marked P. R. in Fig. 6, opens power from pressure line 362, through bore 46| in the F. W. valve 460, conduits 493 and 498, and slot 343 in up-down valve 340, to chamber 515 forming the end of cylinder 569. This occurs when valve 340 is moved to the left by pressure in chamber 349 when the car speed exceeds 50 M. P. H.

The pressure in chamber 516 moves piston 513 to compress spring 515. Pin 514 is moved through bore 532 and into the path of lever 530 to prevent the application of brake band |62. Piston 513 at the same time uncovers port 512 which leads through conduit 518 to a low pressure escape valve 561 closed by ball 568 biased by a light spring 511. A leak 51| allows piston 513 free movement. When valve 340 returns to its normal position, centered by opposing springs 341 and 349, conduit 331 is opened again through slot 343 to drain 406 and then piston 513 becomes actuated back again by spring 515 to its normal position wherein pin 215 abuts against the end wall of cylinder 569 and pin 514 no longer obstructs the action of brake lever arm 560.

Referring now to Fig. 15, therein is shown a mechanism for the application of the front brake which is also suitable for the operation of the reverse brake band.

A cylinder 230 houses a piston 280, fitted with extension pin 292, and biased normally to the disengaged position by spring 28|. Pin 282 is hinged to a lever 283, fulcrumed at 289, which through a link 286, serves for the application of the brake band |22, with lining |23, to brake drum |2|.

When cylinder 230 is provided with drainage through conduit 233 the spring 28| moves piston 289 to rotate lever 283 to disengage the brake which is retracted by spring 238 attached to a bracket |22' integral with band |22. Hydraulic pressure through conduit 233 actuates piston 286 for brake application, said conduit being-shown connected with the automatic valve 419 in Fig. 6. Cylinder 239 and a similar cylinder 232 for the reverse brake band actuation are shown diagrammatically in Fig. l.

The connections used by the operator to con- 20 trol the valves in block 333 are indicated in Fig, 9.

A handle 500 rotates selector valve 300 through shaft 50|, bevel gears 502 and shaft 503, hinged te end pin 329.

Handle 500 serves to operate the external arm 532 of automatic valve 410, biased to the automatic position by spring 533. Handle 500 may be hinged at 606 to a bracket 609 carried by hollow shaft 50|. A rod 605 hinged to handle 560 at 603 may be lifted by raising handle 500 to the automatic position 601 (dotted) allowing a lever arm 6|6, bearing against the lower end 662 of rod 695, to actuate a Wire 603. Said wire Wound around pulley G94 to reverse its direction of action would be connected to arm 532.

Hand brake 520, fulcrumed at 52|, operates a rod 529 to rotate valve 496 through its external arm 528.

A throttle pedal 5|0, fulcrumed at 501, is shown in the drive position, and its extreme positions of free-wheel and kick-down are shown dotted at 566 and 565 respectively. Pedal 5| 0. through a curved arm 5| operates through its pin 5|2, working in slot 5|3, a lever 544 fulcrumed at 5|8 and biased towards the free-wheel position by spring 531. Lever 544 operates through a link 509, fitted with a slot 503, a pin 5|9 carried by a lever 5|5 fulcrumed at 5|6, which is connected to the throttle by rod 5|4, and biased to the closed throttle position by spring 5|1. Slot 506 permits free movement of pedal 5|0 into the free-wheel position and link 509 does not innuence lever 5|5 until the pedal is moved into the "throttle-just-opening position shown.

Lever 544 is connected through three links, hinged to one another, 594, 595 and 506, to freewheel valve 450. rThe first link, 504, is also hinged to lever 2|2, which was described in connection with the free-wheel check mechanism in Fig. 2. The second link, 505, is also hinged to arm 538 of the kick-down valve 430. The third link, 506, is fitted with an adjustable nut 541 and projects through an aperture 241 in the operating arm 539 of valve 469 which is biased by spring 546 to make constant contact with nut 541.

Adjustments for the dashpot escape valves 436 and 421 are shown. The valve 435, providing the only escape available when the car is starting, is operated by a bi-metallic thermostat coil attached to a block bracket 248. Valve 421 is positioned manually by setting its arm 469 in an indicator formed on the surface of block 333.

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 13 and 14. Therein is shown still a further method of construction of the rear planetary system as indicated in Figs. 3 and 11. Diagrammatically shown, a drive shaft 61h carries a ring |4917 for the support of the driving clutch plates |41b and is integral with a central drive sun |51b serving for reverse drive and a sun |51c providing forward drive.

Sun |5122 drives a rst series of planet gears |6613 which mesh with a second series of planet gears |1|b which in turn mesh with a reaction gear forming an annulus |14b which is held stationary by the reverse brake band |19b. Said planet gears are supported by carrier |65b which is directly connected to the driven shaft |252). For forward drive sun |510 meshes with planet gears IEc which in turn mesh with a reaction gear forming an annulus |5117 which is held stationary by low brake band |6217. Planets |65c are carried by carrier |051) directly connected to the driven shaft |251).

Direct drive is provided when annulus |14b is 21 looked to sun,- |51b by the clutching., of, driving plates |4112 carried in ring |,49b with driven plates |4519 carried in ring |381).

Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic section wherein the carriers |5512 and |1|b are shown offset to one another to reduce the diameter of the annuluS. |1412. An advantage in the construction lies in the fact that only gears are, transmitting torque. in forwardy drive but4 on the other hand more gears are required in the planetary assembly.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 16, therein is shown a modified construction wherein the reversal valve 210 of Fig. 6 is fitted with a third bore 219 which operatesV to connect pump escape line 5,5 through av bore 218 to slot 444 of the gearlock valve 440. Its special action will be described under General operation later.

GENERAL OPERATION 81. ('b). Close switch 522 so that switch 524 is made operable. (c) To mechanically apply the rear brake.

(2) Place handle 50,0 in neutral.

(3) Press the starter switch 524 and motor 523 starts the engine.

With ther engine running in neutral:

(a) Power pump 600 develops pressure throughout the hydraulic system and free-wheel check piston |`4 is moved downwardly against spring |5` by pressure in cylinder |3 through I6,

||, |16, |1 and |8 from pump 600, and

(b) Throttle pedal 5|0 is free to, be retracted to the free-wheel position 566 by spring 531, and so rotatingk the free-wheel valve 460 anticlockwise.

(c) Front brake drum discs- |9| and |92 rotating ba-ckwardly operate through |95, |91, |98. |99 and |39 to turn reversal valve 210 anti-clockwise.

(d) 3-mile valve 380 and re-set valve 310 are moved to the left by pressure in chamber 382 from 369.r through 33| and 332.

(e)Y Up-down valve 340 is centered by springs 34,1 and 348.

(f) GearlockV valves 440 and 450 are down, biased by spring 438.

(g) Rear brake |62 is on, cylinder 56| being drained by the selector valve through 393, 3,14 and 3|5.

(h) Reverse is inoperative, cylinder 232 being drained through 384, 315 and 3| 6.

(i). Now. the handk brake may be released. and

front clutch remains disengaged by pressure inA cylinders 11 from 36.3 through 13, 6.0, 5,9A and 44|. Resistance pump escape 4,9 becomes closed,l but 5.55 is` still freely open to the drain 222 through` must be on and both` clutches ofi?.-`

, (tir Automatic val-.1rel 410 must; be.rotatedI` -anti 22 glockwise for "normal" drive b y lowering handle (2) Turn handle 500 to put the selector valve in 1st gear setting. Rear brake remains on but the rear clutch is disengaged by pressure in cyl-v inders |5| from 36S through 325, 483, 3|8, 305, 342, 495, |3|, |26 and |33, leaving the car free to move.

(3) Depress the throttle. Free-wheel valve 460 is rotated clockwise by spring 546 and act.y ing like a trigger energises a line from 362 through 46|, 493, 308, 3|9, 3|0, 344, 35|, 312. and 389 to the reversal valve 210. Reversal valve having been turned anti-clockwise by the front brake drum, power now passes from 389 through, 425 and 443 to 442 and gearlock valve 440 is moved upwardly closing escape 55, the rate of movement being slow because only aperture 433 is open to the dashpot 439. As 55 becomes closed off the pumping action of the front planetary gears forming pump 555 becomes increasingly resisted and planet carrier |0| and the inter, mediate shaft 61 are rotated at an increasing speed until the brake drum 2|, driven backwardly by the front sun I|6 is, checked and begins to rotate in the opposite direction. With the first revolution in the same direction as the engine the brake drum discs |9| and |92, which are prevented from rotation relatively to one another by pins |28 fitting closely in bores 2|4, are gripped tightly by prongs and reversal valve 210 is rapidly turned clockwise. Power is now opened from 389 through 424, 426, 464, 419, 41| and 233 to brake cylinder 230, the front brakev being immediately appliedY at a moment when drum 2| is almost stationary. At the same time the reversal valve opens gearlock chamber 442 through 443 and 425 to the drain 4|2 and Valve 44.0, having served its purpose in the closingv of line 55, is at once returned'by spring 438 to its original downward position. With both clutches 01T and both brakes on thev car is now driving in rst gear at a speed depending on the opening of the throttle.

Operation of pump 555- When the vehicle is stationary the intermediate shaft 61 and the front planet-gear carrier I0 are held from rotation, the rear brake and rear clutch being both engaged. With the engine running, the front ring gear ||1 is rotated forwardly by the engine shaft 20 to which it is connected and revolves the front planet gears ||I forwardly on the stationary carrier ||0 thus imparting backward rotation to the front sun gear ||6 and the front brake drum |2| to which said front sun gear is connected. As the flow from the planetary pump 555 becomes increasingly restricted relative rotation between the sun gear ||6 and ther planet gea-rs` I|| Which co-operate to form the pump 555, is resisted. When the rear brake |62 is released and the vehicle` is free to move, the front carrier H0 receiving torque from the drive shaft commences forward rotation. The faster the` carrier I9 is rotated, the slower becomes the backward rotation of the sun gear I6 and the brake drum |'2|. When the flow from the resistance pump 555 is completely stopped the front planetary assembly rotates as a unit and the sun gear ||64 and the brake drum |2| are rotating forwardly at the same speed as the engine. At a pointv intermediate between said backward and said forward rotation the brake drum is momentarily stationary.v With the rst movement of rotation in either direction the brake drum oper-V aises, the.; reversal valve .2.13 and', if' the gear'zsetr 28 ting of the transmission is for 1st or 3rd gear the front brake |22-I23 is immediately applied.

Reversal in 2nd or 4th gear is not of moment because the hydraulic connections through the reversal valve are not set for front brake engagement. In the operation of pump 555 for F. C'. engagement the gearlock valve 448 in its upward movement closes the escape from the pump conduit 55 and, as the closure becomespractically completed, the accompanying upward movement of gearlock valve 450 serves to open escape from the F. C. line 59 through 44|, 441. 463, 418, 412 and 403. Thus the F. C. which is engaged by spring |95 comes into operation when the front planetary assembly has arrived at unitary rotation.

Start in second gear:

In 2nd gear the rear brake and the front clutch are engaged. and the front brake and rear clutch are free. The engagement of the R. B. and freeing of the R. C. occur as described in a start n 1st gear.

Valve 380 is moved tc the left, taking with it the re-set valve 310, when the engine commences running, but when the free-wheel valve 469 is moved into the drive position pressure is turned on from 361 through 302, 3|1, 303, 34|, 492, 413, 411, 462, and 246, to 25| and 446.

Power in 25| moves the valves 319 and 396 to the right again. Power in 446 moves gearlock valves 240 and 250 upwardly closing escape line 55. When sucient closure or" line 55 occurs, the check on the resistance pump 555 causes reversal of valve 210 and front brake line 233, which was at rst idrained by 222, now receives -drainage through 389 to 386.

When full closure of escape line 55 occurs the front clutch line 59 receives drainage through 44|, 441, 463, 418, 412 and 403 to become engaged under the pressure of springs |05.

Start in third gear:

Front brake and rear clutch are on. and R. B. are oiTf In a third gear start the application of the front brake is as just described for 1st gear. In the pre-selection by the selector valve the front clutch is disengaged by pressure and the rear clutch spring-engaged by drainage from cylinders |5| to the drain in the selector valve. The rear brake has also been taken off by pressure in cylinder 56| through 383, 314, 3|5, 320, 484, and 325 from 368. The car moves oi as gearlock closure ci line 55 begins and is in full 3rd gear when starting reversal occurs.

Start in high gear:

In high gear both clutches are engaged and both brakes offf In the pre-selection the rear clutch is drained to go on and the rear brake is disengaged by pressure. The engagement of the front clutch and the disengagement of the front brake are as just described for a start in 3rd gear.

Change from lst to 2nd:

Car is driving in 1st gear. selector into 2nd.

(a) The rear brake and rear clutch remain unchanged.

(b) Pressure at once passes from 361 through 303, 345, 492, 413, 411, 462, 246 to 256 and 446 to operate valves 310 and 450.

(c) Re-set valve 319 is at once moved to the right, even if the speed is below 3 M. P. H.

(d) The front brake goes oli drained from 233 through 41|, 419, 464, 426, 424, 389, and 31| to 388. The F. B. drum rotates backwardly for Now, turn the tate anti-clockwise. F. B. drainage however continues through 388, 312, 344 and 3|0 to the selector valve.

(e) Gearlock valves 450 and 44|) are moved upwardly by pressure in 446 and close escape to give the clutch eiect. Then, the cylinders 11 become drained through 59, 44|, 441, 463, 418, and 412 to 403, and the front clutch is engaged.

(f) As escape 55 is closed the reversal valve 210 is again rotated, this time clockwise, but the F. B. remains drained through 389, 31| and 386.

Change from 2nd to 3rd:

(a) In 2nd the F. C. and the B. are 011. In 3rd the F. B. and R. C. go on, so all four mechanisms undergo change.

(b) Rear unit- The R. C. is at once put on by drainage from |3| through 495, 496, 342, 34| and 303. The R. B. is at once disengaged by pressure from 326 through 3|3, 34", 352, 313, and 383 to cylinder 23|.

(c) Front unit.-Recess 446 is drained by the selector valve through 248, 462, 411, 413, 492, 34| and 303. earlock valves 450 and 440 are at once moved downwardly and the front clutch is disengaged by pressure from 363 through 44| to 59 and cylinders 11. The engine is free and tends to accelerate, the shaft 61 to lose speed, and the E'. B. drum slows rapidly and then rotates backwardly, the front brake going on by power from 362 through 46|, 493, 308, 3|9, 3|5, 344, 35|, 312, 388, 424, 426, 464, 419, and 41| to 233.

Change from 3rd to high gear:

In 3rd the R. C. and the R. B. are off and remain unchanged.

Power is turned on by the selector valve from 361 to 446. Valves 440 and 450 are moved up, closing escape 55 to provide the necessary clutch effect and then the front clutch becomes engaged fby drainage from 59 through 44|, 441, 463, 418, and 412 to 403.

The front brake which was on is at first drained from 233 through 41|, 419, 464, 426, 424, 388, 312, 35|, 344 and 3|0, to be taken oit Then, when the front clutch becomes engaged and the iront brake drum is rotating as a unit with the engine, the drainage goes through 389, 31| and 386.

Other changes are on the lines already des-cribed. A change from 2nd or 4th into 1st or 3rd, i. e. from a condition in which the R. B. drum is rotating as a unit with the engine to one in which it is stationary is treated in the change from 2nd to 3rd.

Special features of the various valves, with further details.-

Automatic value 470.-This valve is operated clockwise when the spring 533 is allowed free action by the raising of handle 580 with consequent rotation of lever arm 6 0.

With valve 410 in automatic drive:

(a) The front brake is drained from 233 through 41| to 409 regardless of the setting of any of the other valves.

(b) If free-wheeling, the valves 448 and 450 are down and the F. C. is 01T by pressure from 36| through 44| to 59. Then, when F. W. valve 460 is again turned into the drive position by depressing the throttle, valves 449 and 459 are moved upwardly again by pressure in 445 from 365 through 413, 411, 462 and 246, closing escape 55. The front clutch however remains disen- 2S g'aged by pressure from 364 through 412, 418, A403, 441, and 44|.

A(c) The escape 66 for the ltorque valve is Widely open but if the throttle is not opened too much, valve 666 provides only `a small aperture, if any, for pump escape, and the closure of vline 55 supplies the necessary clutch effect. The de'- gree of said aperture opening depends 'largely on thestrength of springs 55. Y

(d) If the handle 50|) is also rotated to the high gear setting then high automatic drive is in operation, with the rear clutch engaged and the rear brake disengaged. Rotating the handle into 3rd gear would not be desirable because if the throttle were opened enough to give kickdown then the up-down valve 34! would provide a 2nd gear setting and the rive would go into vlow" automatic, the R. B. being put on and the R. C. taken oit (e) Low automatic drive is provided if the handle 560 is turned into the 2nd or 1st gear setting.

(f) In reverse the ratio of automatic drive is about the same as automatic low depending on the construction of the gears.

(g) With heavy torque, such as pulling out of sand, the automatic low drive may provide, if springs 50 are not too heavy, a much lower gear ratio than the normal ist gear. The same holds for reverse. For starting, automatic low is preferred `unless the strain is very light. The centrifugal control tends towards opening the escape 666 more widely when the car is starting. It will be noted that the F. B. and F. C. are both free in automatic drive as well as in freeuwheel, but they are never at any time engaged together. The R. C. and R. B. are, of course, engaged at the same time when the automatic brake is in action.

Free-wheel valve 460 is operated anti-clockwise by spring 53? acting through nut 541 and against light spring '546 when the throttle pedal 516 is released to the position l566. It is positioned by a suitable stop such las shoulder 466 abutting against wall 461.

In this F. W. position:

(a) The A F. is disengaged 'by "drainage through 464 to 22'2, no matter `what "the lsetting of the `reversal and other valves. v

"(h) Gearlo'ck valves 450 fand r440 are mov'e'd downwardly bydrainage of 446 through 245,462 and 401|. Bore '463 "is inoperative, as is bore 43|. '.Ihe F. C. is disengaged by power 'from 363 through "44| and 59. Pump escape '55 is full open to the drain 222 through 444.

In the drive position, shoulder '456 abutting against wall 261:

`(ou) vBore 464 connects y426 and `419 'for '-B.

operation. I

(b) Bore `453 connects 441 and l418 for F. C.

operation. A u

(c) Bore 462 connects 246 and `411 `for fgea'rlock operation.

(d) Bore 46| connects 493 and 362 for F. operation and for power relief when the `speed is over 50 M. P. H.

Thus the use of W. disengages `the F. B. and the F. C. and opensv wide the escape for the resistan'ce pump 555, 'and 'the engine is 'running free. It would seeinpreferable to allow the "rear unit, Whatever the setting of the RQB. andT-tt to remain unchanged. The stops 416 and 466 shown with valves `41|) and 460 ,couldbereplaced 26 locking member is valve 445, yserving t'o close the escape line 55 from the resistance pump l555, Yand operated upwardly against spring 438 Yand the restriction of flow from dashpot 439 presented Vby the adjustable 'apertures 433 and 436.

(a) Gearlock `valve fllt 'acts independently, pressured upwardly by power in chamber 4'42, yfor a start in lst or 3rd gear, or reverse.

(b') VIt is operated upwardly by gearlock valve 456, pressured by power in chamber 446, at any time the F. C. is engaged for 2nd or high.

(c) Valve 446 is moved downwardly at once by spring 438 when the reversal valve 216 opens the chamber 442 to the drain 4|'2 through 443 `and 425. Dashpot 439 rells easily through va oneway conduit 581 connected with a suitably placed reservoir such as is indicated by 265 in Fig. 3.

(d) Both gea'rlock valves are at once returned downwardly by drainage of chamber 446 when the F. C. is disengaged by free-wheeling or a change into lst or 3rd gear or into automatic drive. In a change from 4th or 2nd into 1st or 3rd, however, although slot 444 is opened 'widely for escape from pump 555, if the construction shown in Fig. 16 is used, slight gearlocking is provided by the restricted aperture 221, aided if desired, by a spring-biased valve 29'2, which provides a lone-way iiow through conduit 293 connecting line 55 with 222 through 218 and 444. This restriction becomes operative whenever the F. B. drum is rotating with the engine as in 2nd and 4th gear.

(e) Although the selector valve 300 turns on power for F. C. operation in 2nd and 4th, this is used to actuate the gearlock valve 45!) and the F. C. is engaged vby drainage through 44| Vand 441, 463, 418, 412 and the drain 364.

`Normally the F. C. is disengaged by power from 363 to '59. Gearlocking not only takes up the torque transmission in a way that produces a perfect clutch eect but the actual engagement of the clutch members with one another `a-ndof the brake band with the brake drum is performed when there is so little relative movement between the co-operating parts that wear and strain is practically non-existent. As the putting fon of the F. B. or F. C. takes an appreciable `time the R. B. or R. C. goes on when the engine is free and there is no transfer of torque through the rear unit.

Free-wheel check mechcmz's171,.-This mechanism has two objects:

(l) To maintain the pressure from the power pump if the engine should cease ring.

(2) To hold the throttle pedal out of the F. W. position if the engine is being used asa lbrake and thereby to make the driving easier for the operator.

The divided shafts 20 and 24, when the engine is transmitting torque, Vtend to undergo relative forward displacement, the springs 50 being more or less compressed. If the engine ceases firing, however, vor the operator releases the 'throttle pedal, the shafts 20 and 24 undergo relative backward displacement, the springs 50 being freed.

When the engine first starts running and pump power is developed thecheck valve I1 is `opened and piston |4 ,pressured downwardly against the bias of spring |4. Lever 2|2 is then free to rotate and free-wheeling is made possible.

The said forward displacement also `operates the torque valve 666 -to act as a control .if automatic drive is established by valve 41D.

On the other hand, if backward displacement 27 occurs, the valve is closed and cylinder I3 opened to the drain 13. Piston ld is moved upwardly by spring l and piston pin 42 moves the throttle pedal 5|@ through link 534 and lever 544 out of F. W. position 535 and into the throttlejust-opening position shown in Fig. 9.

Automatic braking caused by spring engagement of the R. C. and R. B. due to a fall in pump pressure when the car is moving at a substantial speed could cause serious damage. If the transmission were in 1st or 3rd gear and the operator using free-wheel when said fall occurred, the F. C. would tend to become spring-engaged and then, with the power being developed again, the F. B. would tend to be re-applied and an indeterminate condition would result. However, the moment the engine ceases to nre and backward displacement occurs, the pedal 5| 3 is taken out of the freewheel position by piston 4. The ywheel effect of the casing 14 then keeps the power pump and engine turning long enough for the F. B. to become re-applied. The pump is then kept operating by torque received from the tailshaft until the transmission slows down to a point where there would no longer be any danger of damage from automatic braking.

In driving in 2nd or 4th gear the F. C. is already spring-engaged and the same diculty does not arise.

Although not shown in Fig. 2 the power pump would, of course, be provided with the usual escape valve to regulate its maximum pressure.

Some of the features described could be satisfactorily used in conjunction with a iiuid coupling or conventional clutch but the invention aims at a self-contained mechanism which provides the needed clutch eect by gear-locking. It will be appa-rent that this could also be performed by the rear unit if tted with a controllable pump but for practical purposes the front pump is sufficient.

Reversal and Te-set valves-The function of the reversal valve is to reduce wear and strain on the F. B. by causing its application at a moment when the drum is for practical purposes stationary.

The re-set valve is required because the said reversal may take place in either direction of rotation. When the engine commences running the drum is rotated backwardly.

(a) Starting in 1st or 3rd gear the drum is checked by gear-locking and reverses its rotation to turn forwardly (o) In change from 2nd or Lith into lst or 3rd the drum that was rotating as a unit with the engine slows down when the F. C. is disengaged and then rotates ba-ckwardly. rloo rapid slowing down may be prevented by the restriction of escape line 55 as shown in Fig. 16.

Reversal also takes place in a start in 2nd or 4th or in a change into these gears but as the F. B. is being drained it is not of any moment.

The re-set valve is moved to the left by Valve 33E] when the engine starts running and conduit 389 is made the potentially operative one. Once however the drive is put into 2nd or 4th the pressure applied to chamber 445 is also present in chamber 25| and the valve is moved to the right again, and conduit 338 becomes ready for front brake actuation when the power comes through from 352.

The F. W. valve and the selector valve supply the trigger action for this turning on of power, whichever valve is closed being the one that will initiate the F. B. application.

The reversal and re-set valves take no part in the engagement of the F. C. l

It will be evident that in using the selector valv it is better to take only one step at a time, i. e., between 1 and 2, 2 and 3, and 3rd and 4th. Gearlocking will then be operative for each change, whereas, if a jump were made from 1stJ to 3rd or from 2nd to 4th, the front unit would not undergo change and the rear unit would take much more wear and strain instead of being preselected while the change was occurring more slowly in the front unit.

U10-down valve 340.--This valve is centered by springs 341 and 348 if there is no plus pressure in chambers 349 and 353.

U12-change (by valve 343) .-Valve 343 is moved to the left by pressure in chamber 348 from 369 through 332 and 353 when the speed of the car exceeds 50 M. P. H. and:

(a) Power line 331 is opened by slot 34| to chamber 446 to move gearlock valve 455 up, the F. C. going on by drainage to 493.

(b) Slot 342 opens line |31 to the drain 305 and the R. C. becomes spring-engaged.

(c) Slot 344 opens line 35| to the drain 309 and the F. B. is offf (d) Slot 345 opens line 383 to the power line 358 and the R. B. becomes disengaged by pressure.

These 4 changes provide high gear regardless of the setting of the selector Valve. Valve 340 also closes off line 482 so that a kick-down is provided against.

(e) The power relief line 331 is opened through slot 343 and line 493 to power line 362.

The pressure provided by power relief must always remain sulicient to hold the F. W. check piston i4 down against the bias of spring 5, otherwise it would be impossible to free-wheel in high gear if the speed is over M. P. H.

Kick-down by valve 340.-When the throttle is fully depressed at a speed below 50 m., pressure from 366 passes through 243 and 482 to chamber 350 and the valve 340 is moved to the right to provide a change-down. The valve slots now register with a new series of conduits connecting valve 340 to the selector valve which may be arranged to furnish any change that may be desired. It is preferred however to make this kickdown provide a change to the next lower gear than the one that is operative when the valve 340 is centered.

F. W. when over 50 M. P. H.-If valve 430 is turned to the F. W. position when over 50 m.;

(a) F. B. is drained off by 222.

(b) Gearlock valves go downwardly, 446 being drained by 40| and the F. C. is disengaged by pressure.

(c) R. C. and R. B. remain unchanged.

(d) Power relief line 331 is drained to 402 restoring full power.

(e) Pump escape line is wide open to the drain 222.

The operation of the other valves has been fully covered.

Notes on construction Provision for the many power points is not shown in Fig. 6 but they could be suitably supplied from a cavity cast within the block 333, on similar lines to the water jacket of an engine, and then only one connection from said cavity to the pressure pump would be required. One resistance pump as described can be made to provide a smooth action but it will be evident getarnt 'that a 'second resistance pump 'corna be "tted in connection with the rear planetary unit.

The front vand rear clutches are both 'springengaged. The special 'advantage of this is that the engine is directly connected to the driving wheels for 'a pushstart with dead engine, and the engine acts as 'an additional brake in the ai'itomatic Vbraking which occurs with absence of hydraulic pressure. It also 'provides another safety feature in that, even if the 'extra switch '522 'were not used, the electric starter would not be'able to swing the engine.

1t will also be apparent that the automatic brake could be furnished by the reverse brake bander `the front brake band 'acting in co-opera'- tion with two spring-engaged clutches, but this would call for radical vchanges in the transmission as shown. `For "starting 'a Adead engine with push Vor pull, or for towing, the spring-applied brake would, in any case, have to be manually freed. For towing it is also necessary, after freeing the rear brake, to manually disengage the front clutch. The escape for `the resistance pump is wide open since the gearlock valves are -bia's'ed downwardly.

While there has been described what at present is considered a preferred embodiment of the invention-it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the essence of the invention which resides in the construction, combination and arrangement of the various vparts described.

The invention is intended to cover any modications as come within the true spirit and scope of the vclaims which follow.

What is claimed is:

- 1. In a power transmission, in combination; a planetary assembly having members including a sun gear, planet gears, a planet-gear carrier and la'ring gear; a drive shaft operably connected with one of 'said members; a driven shaft operably connected with another of said members; gears in said assembly being enclosed to form a iiuid pump; an inlet and an outlet for said pump; cne of said shafts being divided into la first part anda second part; spring means interposed between said parts and adapted to be compressed uponlthe passage of increased torque; the two said parts being movable relatively to 'one another `in response to variations in the amount of torque transmitted; an axially movable element rotating in unison with said second part; a centrifugal mechanism operated in association with said transmission and in accordance with the speed of the transmission; a connection from said centrifugal mechanism to said element serving to axially operate said element as the said speed is varied; an opening between said element and said first part; an hydraulic connection between said pump and said opening; said opening acting as a valve to control the now from said pump; said opening being increased as the said speed is reduced and as the torque being transmitted is increased; closure of said opening providing resistance to the rotation of the gears forming said pump, said resistance varying with the degree of said closure; the amount of said now thus serving to determine the speed ratio in the relative rotation of said shafts.

2. A power transmission as set forth in claim 1; including a one-way mechanism in connection with the said centrifugal mechanism which renders the latter said mechanism inoperative when the transmission is providing a reverse drive.

30 l 3. A power transmission 'as -set forth in claim l; including clutch means Aoperable to 'connect "said shafts for 'unitary rotation; spring means biasing said lclutch means to the engaged position; hydraulic mechanism in `connection with said clutch means; a pump supplying fluid pressure; a third opening; said third opening being associated with said rst part; a fourth opening; said'fourth opening being associated with said second part; said third and fourth openings co operating to furnish a second valve which may be conditioned to provide either drainage or uid pressure in 'the control of said vhydraulic mechanism; hydraulic connections from said second valve to said hydraulic mechanism and to said uid pressure pump; said hydraulic mechanism being operated to maintain said clutch means in the vengaged position when torque is being transmitted in the Aopposite direction, that is, from the *said driven shaft `to the said drive shaft; said parts, in this condition 'of backward torque transmission, undergoing relative rotation in the opposite direction from that which occurs when the first said spring meansis being compressed.

4. In a kpower transmission, in combination; ran engineedriven shaft, an intermediate shaft and a final `driven shaft; clutch means serving to connect said Aengine-driven shaft and said intermediate shaft for unitary rotation; 'hydraulic mechanism serving to Adetermine the -engagement and disengagement of said clutch means; a pump supplying fluid pressure; `spring means biasing said clutch means to engaged position; a planetary gear assembly serving to provide a direct drive and a reduced drive between said intermediate shaft and said nal driven shaft; one of said shafts being divided into a 'first part and a vsecond part; said parts being capable of slight relative rotation, the one to the other; an opening in association with said nrst part and an opening in association with `said second part; said openings co-operating to form a valve; hydraulic connections from said valve to said pump and to said hydraulic mechanism; said valve being operative to provid-e either uid pressure or drainage to the said hydraulic mechanism; said valve being conditioned to operate said hydraulic mechanism to maintain said clutch means in the engaged position when the said final driven shaft transmits torque in the opposite direction, that is, forwardly to the -engine-drivenshaft.

5. In a power transmission, in combination; a drive shaft and a driven shaft; a pump supplying fluid pressure; a planetary gear assembly -lserving to provide a reduced drive between said shafts; gears in said assembly being 'enclosed to form a uid pump; a brake and a brake drum; said brake drum being connected to a member of said assembly; hydraulic mechanism operated by said fluid pressure in association with said brake; a first valve means serving to restrict the now of fluid from said latter pump; and thereby to check the rotation of the gears forming said pump and to provide easier application of said brake; a second valve means, connected with said hydraulic mechanism and serving to control said mechanism for the operation of said brake; a connection from said brake drum to said second valve means; and centrifugal means serving to make the latter said connection operative when said brake drum reverses its direction of rotation.

6. A power transmission as set forth in claim 5, including an axially movable member rotating in unison with said brake drum; spring means biasing said movable member to original position; the connection between said brake drum and said second valve means being made through said movable member; the said centrifugal means serving to actuate the said movable member against said spring means when said brake drum and said movable member are rotating at appreciable speed; said second valve means being operated through said latter connection to one position when the said brake drum and the said movable member are rotating in one direction and to a second position when they are rotating in the other direction; said second Valve means supplying fluid pressure to said hydraulic mechanism in the first position and drainage in the said second position.

7. A power transmission as set forth in claim 6, wherein said brake drum is fitted with a ange; said movable member being also fitted with a flange; the connection from said brake drum to said second valve means including a swinging member connected mechanically with said second valve means; said spring means serving to cause said flanges to make frictional connection with said swinging member when the said anges change their direction of rotation; and said centrifugal mechanism serving to free said flanges from said swinging member when the speed of rotation of said flanges becomes appreciable.

8. In a power transmission in a self-propelled vehicle, in combination; a drive shaft and a driven shaft; planetary gearing connecting said shafts; clutch means and brake means serving to provide a plurality of gear ratios in the drive through said gearing; hydraulic mechanism in association with said clutch means; hydraulic mechanism in association with said brake means; a pump supplying uid pressure; said fiuid pressure serving for the operation of said hydraulic mechanisms; a gear selector valve capable of being operated to a plurality of positions by the operator of the vehicle and serving to determine the gear ratio in use; a second valve having on the one hand hydraulic connections with the said mechanisms; and on the other hand connection with the said selector valve including a first series of conduits and a second series of conduits; a third valve; an engine throttle and a connection from said throttle operating said third valve an hydraulic connection from said third valve serving for the actuation of said second valve; centrifugal mechanism in association with said driven shaft and an hydraulic connection from said centrifugal mechanism serving for the actuation of said second valve; said second valve being operable to three positions;

spring means biasing said second valve to a normal intermediate position wherein it serves through said rst series of conduits to provide the gear ratio as set by the said selector valve; said second valve being operated to a second position by said centrifugal mechanism when the vehicle exceeds a predetermined speed and, acting independently of said selector valve, serving therein to engage said clutch means and release said brake means and thereby to place the transmission in direct drive; said second valve being operated to its third said position when the operator fully depresses the said throttle; and serving therein, through the said second series of conduits, to provide a lower gear ratio in the drive than that previously provided in the said intermediate position wherein the first said series of conduits had been in use.

9. A power transmission as set forth in claim 8, including; an intermediate shaft; said planetary gearing including a front gear assembly and a rear gear assembly, each having a sun gear, planet gears, a planet-gear carrier and a. ring gear; said drive shaft being connected to said front ring gear; said front carrier being connected to said intermediate shaft; said clutch means including a front clutch spring-biased to engagement and released by fluid pressure and serving to connect said drive shaft to said intermediate shaft for unitary rotation, and a rear clutch, spring-biased to engagement and released 'cy fluid pressure, and serving to lock the rear assembly gears and to connect the said intermediate shaft to said driven shaft for unitary rotation; said brake means including a front brake spring-biased to disengagement and applied by fluid pressure and serving to provide a reduced drive in said front assembly, and a rear brake spring-biased to engagement and released by fluid pressure and serving to provide a reduced drive in said rear assembly; and means to provide a reverse drive in said driven shaft.

RICHARD HENRY EBSWORTH.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,619,703 Chorlton Mar. 1, 1927 1,895,751 Bulow Jan. 31, 1933 1,955,798 Janssen May 1, 1934 2,021,550 Haycock Nov. 19, 1935 2,151,892 Brauer Mar. 28, 1939 2,204,710 stront June 18, 1940 2,214,201 Moulder Sept. 10, 1940 2,422,370 Schnell June 17, 1947 

